BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT) 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

The function of the kidneys includes several critical roles in maintaining homeostasis in the body, among which the adjustment of water content, removal of waste products like urea, and regulation of ions in the blood are essential processes.

The kidneys adjust water content through mechanisms such as concentrating or diluting urine, depending on hydration levels and hormonal signals, primarily from antidiuretic hormone (ADH). They also play a vital role in the removal of urea, a waste product from protein metabolism, by filtering it out of the blood and excreting it in urine. Furthermore, the kidneys are responsible for regulating the balance of ions, such as sodium, potassium, and calcium, to ensure that their levels remain stable within the bloodstream.

In contrast, the production of insulin is not a function of the kidneys. Insulin is a hormone primarily produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, which helps regulate blood glucose levels. This distinction clarifies that while the kidneys have specialized functions in filtration and homeostasis, hormone production, specifically insulin, is not among their roles.